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Oil 70
Engine oil - problem, types and expectations
The primary purpose of engine oil is to provide lubrication so as to prevent the engine's components from grinding and wearing against each other. The secondary purpose is to dissipate the heat generated from the combustion cycle. All oils, no matter what their types, are made of long-chained polymers which get sheared into shorter chains during operation. This means the oil will lose it's viscosity over time, and consumes the additives in the process and even more quickly under hard use.
Problem – Engine oil holds and carries in suspension the by-products of acidic combustion, such as silicon oxide and acids. These by-products would form carbon, sludge, varnish and other corrosive contaminants that deposit on the engine surface. These soot deposits and dust particles the latter from the air intake would clog oil pump screens, oil filters and stick to piston rings. Sludge can cause friction each time you start the engine. Metal parts have microscopic imperfections that if rub together will create enough heat to weld together the high spots – a process called scuffing. If scuffing continues the engine could seized. Sudden (drag) and heavy loading (high RPM), high temperatures, slow speed and low viscosity can all affect lubrication efficiency. Therefore, with old and poor engine oils there would be intermittent contact between surfaces causing heat buildup hence progressive wear and performance failure.
Three types of engine oils
Mineral – These are conventional oils extracted and refined from mother earth. The base stock consists of medium-size hydrocarbon molecules distilled from crude oil. Mineral oils can quickly overheat, catch fire, evaporate or emulsify, therefore they are subject to a process where impurities are removed and strengthened with chemical additives. They are mixed with additives like detergents, viscosity improvers and anti-wear agents. A hydro-cracked manufacturing process if applied is said to be the purest form. Mineral oils generally have high wax content due to the high cost required to minimize them. Their pour point is said to be minus 40 degrees F. They are relatively inexpensive and deliver basic protection (read average performance) for a variety of engines. However the best mineral oils may prove superior to the cheaper synthetics.
Fully Synthetic – Conoco has claimed to introduce the first synthetic oil in 1968 and Mobil in 1976 is said to be the first to retail synthetic in the USA for street use. Synthetic oil production typically begins with the manufacture (refraction process) of ethylene from crude petroleum or natural gas oils. They are mostly Polyalphaolifins concocted by chemists at the laboratories by combining homogeneous low-weight molecules into higher-weight hydrocarbon molecules. They are more slippery than mineral oils and are therefore not recommend for use during the break-in process of newer engines. The pour point is minus 60 degrees F or lower. Therefore, synthetics may be said to pour well at low temperatures. They are further formulated for improved high-temperatures stability having better resistance to thermal breakdown and excessive thickening even when subjected consistently under heavy loads (racing). Therefore, they are capable of maintaining their viscosity for longer periods and under greater temperatures where normal oils begin to breakdown. That aloes means that they requires less viscosity improvers to maintain thickness hence minimizing potential by-products of vapor and sludge. Therefore they better protect the engine from wear and deposit build-up.
The most stable bases of synthetics are said to be polyol-ester which is less likely to react adversely with other compounds. Synthetic oil bases don't contain reactive carbon atoms that have a tendency to combine with oxygen creating an acid. There are also no traces of wax in synthetics. With synthetics, there would be fuel savings, enhanced engine performance and power. It has good cold starting capability in freezing conditions (0W) where normal oils begin to thicken and can circulate swiftly to other moving parts of the engine (0-5W). Synthetics in many instances will exceed API standards. The best synthetic oils can extend engine life because of their ability to cope under extreme conditions to offer better lubrication. However, they are expensive due to the production process.
Semi-Synthetic – Buyer beware, semi-synthetic are sometimes referred to Synthetic oils which are why the true synthetics are termed Fully Synthetics instead. Semi-Synthetic oils are blend between mineral oil (70% to 80%) and Fully Synthetic (20% to 30%). They may be characterize as providing better protection at least within the first 10 minutes after starting out. They are roughly three times better at reducing engine wear if compared to minerals.
Expectations of engine oils
1. To provide a protective film on all moving parts to reduce friction and wear.
2. To be easily pumped to critical engine parts at low temperatures.
3. To remain stable at high operating temperatures and not oxidize of undergo other thermal changes which affects its ability to reach areas where cooling is essential.
4. To consistently perform well in the presence of contaminants such as water, particulate matter and by-products of fuel combustion, such as silica (silicon oxide) and acids.
5. To act as coolant by dissipating the heat generated by combustion or friction or contact with high-temperature materials to either aftermarket oil cooler, heat exchanger or into the cooling system of an engine.
Therefore, choosing the right engine oil and changing it regularly is vital especially on performance car. This would translate to more power to the wheels (can free up about 1-3hp) and improve fuel efficiency. This also means the engine will consistently maintain peak performance and fulfills its life expectancy according to manufactures specifications.
For more tips, go to http://www.shellhelixultra.com/
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Shell Helix Ultra Review
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